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1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Goals................................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Scope ................................................................................................................................4
1.4 This Report....................................................................................................................... 4
2 Introduction to Reflective Displays......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Reflective Displays .......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 E-Paper ............................................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Basic Requirements and Attributes for E-papers ............................................................. 6
2.4. Technology and Material Platforms................................................................................ 6
2.4.1 Bichromal Displays ................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1.1 Gyricon............................................................................................................... 7
2.4.2 Electrophoretic .......................................................................................................... 7
2.4.2.1 E-Ink................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.2.2 Sipix Microcup® Electrophoretic Display......................................................... 8
2.4.3 Electrowetting ........................................................................................................... 8
2.4.3.1 Liquavista: (High Efficiency Optical System, HEOS™)................................... 9
2.4.3.2 Advanced Display Technologies (adt) ............................................................... 9
2.4.4 Cholesteric Crystal Displays ..................................................................................... 9
2.4.4.1 Frontech Fujitsu (Film Substrate-based Bendable Color Electronic Paper) .... 10
2.4.4.2 Nemoptic (BiNem E-Paper) ............................................................................. 10
2.4.4.3 Kent Display Cholesteric LCD ........................................................................ 10
2.4.4.4 LC-Tec AB Cholesteric LCD........................................................................... 11
2.4.4.5 Zenithal Bistable Device (ZBD) Display Ltd .................................................. 11
2.4.4.6 Nanox ............................................................................................................... 11
2.4.5 Transparent Organic Light-Emitting Display (TOLED)......................................... 11
2.4.5.1 Kodak: Transparent Organic Light-Emitting Display (TOLED)..................... 12
2.4.6 Electrochromic ........................................................................................................ 12
2.4.6.1 Aveso E-paper .................................................................................................. 12
2.4.6.2 Acreo AB PAELLA: Electrochromic-Paper (EC Paper) ................................. 12
2.4.6.3 NTERA, NanoChromics™ Displays (NCD) ................................................... 13
2.4.6.4 Siemens ............................................................................................................ 13
2.4.7 Others ...................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.7.1 Photonic Ink (P-Ink)......................................................................................... 13
2.4.7.2 Bridgestone (Quick Response – Liquid Powder Display, QR-LPD) ............... 14
2.4.8 Colored E-Paper ...................................................................................................... 14
Technology ............................................................................................................................. 15
2.4.9 Future of E-paper .................................................................................................... 15
3 Market Analysis .................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Method ........................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Aim................................................................................................................................. 17
3.3 Market Analysis Results................................................................................................. 17
3.3.1 Dimensions.............................................................................................................. 17
3.3.2 UI (User Interface) .................................................................................................. 17
3.3.3 Screen Technology.................................................................................................. 18
3.3.4 Primary Display....................................................................................................... 18
3.3.5 Refresh Rate ............................................................................................................ 18
3.3.6 Operative System .................................................................................................... 18
3.3.7 Power....................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.8 CPU ......................................................................................................................... 18
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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Seite 1

1 Purpose ... 4 1.1 B

Seite 2

black the effect will be that in the none-reflective mode an observer will see a black pixel while in the reflective mode he will see a white pixel. 2

Seite 3

2.4.4.4 LC-Tec AB Cholesteric LCD LC-Tec started research and development into liquid crystal display in 1992 and in the 1995 it started production in

Seite 4 - 1 Purpose

than LCDs. However, TLCDs do not have memory and cannot retain information placed in it indefinitely without some current supply. To get a complete RG

Seite 5 - 2.1 Reflective Displays

bi-stable i.e. it retains the information when the power is off; power is only needed to change the content. Acreos's elctrochromic display techn

Seite 6 - 2.2 E-Paper

2.4.7.2 Bridgestone (Quick Response – Liquid Powder Display, QR-LPD) The Quick Response–Liquid Powder Display was developed in March 2002 by Bridgesto

Seite 7 - 2.4.2 Electrophoretic

Technology Manu‐factureBi‐stabilityReflect.orViewingAngleCR RefreshRateRes. MatrixAddressingBichromal Gyricon Yes NA NA Long 100 dpi Acti

Seite 8 - 2.4.3 Electrowetting

dominance of the market is so prominent to the extent that most people use “E-Ink” as synonym to E-Paper. In spite of its advantages E-paper still ha

Seite 9

3 Market Analysis 3.1 Method To be able to come up with a product that is marketable we had to conduct a market analysis of the products that are curr

Seite 10

3.3.3 Screen Technology The screen technology used in all the products that was investigated is Electrophoretic technology by E-Ink and the primary re

Seite 11

3.3.11 Supported Formats There is a wide variation in the number and type of formats supported by the E-Readers currently in the market. While MS-Offi

Seite 12 - 2.4.6 Electrochromic

3.3.9 Memory ... 18 3.3.10 Interface..

Seite 13 - 2.4.7 Others

viewing angle. The market analysis report has highlighted some crucial points regarding the small sales volume of E-Readers. A more detailed analysis

Seite 14 - 2.4.8 Colored E-Paper

4 Use Cases 4.1 Use Case Model Use case is a system engineering approach that enables the system designer to show events as seen from the user’s pers

Seite 15 - 2.4.9 Future of E-paper

4.3 Use Case Specification Definitions: • EBR means Electronic-Book-Reader • User A is the user of the EBR. • Hard-arrow-keys are the Up, Down, Le

Seite 16

c)User A enters a search-string. d)User A initiates a search by pressing hard-enter-button. e)The total number of matching words is displayed. f)User

Seite 17 - 3 Market Analysis

c)No WiFi station is found. d)User A cancels the search. e)Close WiFi. Alternative Flow 2: a-f) As in Basic Flow g) Password not accepted. h)Pass

Seite 18

d) User A turns off the camera. e)Camera is turned off. Alternative Flow 2: a-e) As in Basic Flow f)User A chooses “cancel” option. g)Go back to

Seite 19 - 3.3.12 Discussion

5 Diagrams and Charts of the E-Reader 5.1 Introduction Diagrams and Charts are very efficient way of expressing ideas to the outside world, certainly

Seite 20

5.3 Collaboration Diagram The collaboration diagram also known as, communication diagram, focuses on the communication between different blocks of the

Seite 21 - 4 Use Cases

5.4 Block-Diagram It is not unusually to find out that people want to have one single device in their pocket that will enable them to complete most o

Seite 22 - 4.3 Use Case Specification

6 Implementation and Screenshots 6.1 Class Diagram of E-Reader In an object-oriented application, the class diagram represents the relationships bet

Seite 23

Block Diagram of Conductor Master Controller Module for long distance ... 61 Bonvoyage...

Seite 24

6.2 Flow Chart of the E-Reader The flow chart in figure 6.2 represents the case where the user, after navigating from the main menu to sub menu, brows

Seite 25

6.3 Simulator Screenshots of the E-Reader The basic version of the software for the E-Reader has been implemented using the Nano-x framework. To utili

Seite 26 - 5.2 Sequence Diagram

The screen in figure 6.4 will be shown to the user if the ‘Read Book’ option was selected from the previous menu (Main Menu). Pressing “LEFT” butto

Seite 27 - 5.3 Collaboration Diagram

The desired book is now open in figure 6.5 and the user can turn a page by pressing ”Left” or ”Right” button. Pressing”F2” initiates the search popup

Seite 28 - 5.4 Block-Diagram

While reading the book if the user wants to jump between the pages, she shall press ”F3” button. A pagelookup popup window will appear as seen in fig

Seite 29

7 E-Book Demo Hardware 7.1 Display technology Before commencing work on the hardware, we had to choose a suitable E-paper screen technology that is te

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White State reflectivity: 30% (typical) Contrast Ratio: 8:1 (typical) Viewing Angle: > 70 degree Switching speed: 500 ms Colors: Black & White

Seite 31 - Figure: 6.3 Main Menu

Working on the thesis was fun but not without some obstacles. The configuration of Nano-X and other essential libraries for PC-simulation on Linux too

Seite 32

8 Conclusion 8.1 Results The thesis project was started with a lot of enthusiasm and quest for knowledge, this quest lead to the exploration of severa

Seite 33

8.2 Further Development Systems and programs are not carved on stone and this one is not an exception. The system design and block diagram of th

Seite 34

1 Purpose 1.1 Background Lundinova AB is a Lund based company that is into hardware, embedded software design and project management. The company has

Seite 35 - 7 E-Book Demo Hardware

Appendix A A matrix showing the specifications of some E-Books that are currently available in the consumer electronic market BrandNameJinke

Seite 36 - 7.2 Configuration

Di‐mensionsV8&V2194mmx133.6mmx13.4mm(7.6ʺx5.3ʺx.5ʺ)V3184mmx120.5mmx9.9mmPRS‐500175.6mmx123.6mmx13.8mm(6.9ʺby4.9ʺ

Seite 37 - 7.3 Debugging

PrimaryDisplay(90mmby120mm)6‐inchSVGA800x6004greyscales,166.7ppi(90mmby120mm)6‐inchSVGA800x6004greyscales,166.7ppi(90mmby120

Seite 38 - 8 Conclusion

760mAhV3Li‐ion950mAhh Ah;2ndEdition~20%largerpolymerbattery,ACadapter(Attachment)h 100~240V,DC5V700mA5V1A LessThanLCDiesBa

Seite 39

reportedlyplanned,plantoopenspecsforBBeB? appshavebeenportedCPU V8Epson33LO548MHzV2&V3SamsungArm9200MHzFreeScaleDragon

Seite 40 - Appendix A

SlotsMC,MemoryStickC CFTypeII,USBMemoryCard expansionslot.CardslotcardslotOtherInterfacesUSB1.1,headphoneUSB1.1,headphoneSTK‐1

Seite 41

integratedMP3playerDRMBuilt‐in Built‐inDRM‐free(Libre)STK‐101eREADERGen3MobiPocketMobi‐PocketBuilt‐inMobi‐PocketMobi‐Pocket? ? ? B

Seite 42

 Service(iDS)ContentPartners? RandomHouse,Simon&Schuster,HarperCollinsSTK‐101IsoshuGen3Mobi‐PocketDeTijd,IFRA,Mobi‐Pocket? Mob

Seite 43

units SonyinsizeGen3SolddirectlybyBookeenandviawholesalers;3rdgenerationCybook(1stwithEInk)generalsaleswillbestartedinfiscal

Seite 44

Appendix B In this part of the thesis, low-level hardware system engineering is done for a multifunctional E-Book-Reader (EBR) that also doubles as a

Seite 45

2 Introduction to Reflective Displays 2.1 Reflective Displays "Reflective displays rely on ambient light for information display" [1]. Refle

Seite 46

Figure B 2 collaboration diagram, document search Collaboration diagram USB-Stick Collaboration diagram that show the interaction between an USB-Stick

Seite 47

Collaboration diagram Camera Collaboration diagram depicting the camera feature Figure B 5 collaboration diagram communication Collaboration diagra

Seite 48

Sequence Diagram Sequence diagram, USB-Stick Sequence diagram showing file transfer when an USB-Stick is mounted to the EBR Figure B 7 sequence d

Seite 49 - Appendix B

Sequence diagram communication This sequence diagram depicts the communication between the EBR and an external server, through a WiFi. However, the in

Seite 50

Sequence diagram, camera The multifunctional EBR has a camera. The sequence diagram of the camera operation is show below. Figure B 9 sequence di

Seite 51 - Collaboration diagram Audio

Sequence diagram, audio Depicted below is the sequence diagram for the audio recording feature. Figure B 10 sequence diagram, audio Use Case Map (se

Seite 52 - Sequence Diagram

Figure B 11 Use Case Map, Search Appendix C: Other Product Ideas The thesis also offered opportunity for product development brainstorm, during whi

Seite 53

2. The commuter is always aware of the latest sales promotion and community information. The end user will benefit from the hourly weather forecast.

Seite 54

Memory Dimensions: Maximum 10 mm by 10 mm by 0.50 mm (Built-in memories with RF Chip is also preferable) Size: Minimum 1 Mb EEPROM, NAND, NOR Memory

Seite 55 - Use Case Map (search)

Figure C 2 The module above depicts the manager payment system for the pre-paid cards. The upper part of the diagram shows the interaction between t

Seite 56 - E-Travelling Card

2.2 E-Paper Disambiguation, E-paper falls into the family of reflective displays referred to as flexible-reflective displays. One could say that all

Seite 57 - (25.4 mm by 25.4 mm

RF Transceiver Chip May not be required as it could be inbuilt in the CPU however, Carrier frequency: ISM-range and Minimum Data transfer rate: 212 K

Seite 58

A complete graphical illustration of the interaction between the central control station, bus stops, and the card is shown in figure 4 below. Long-Dis

Seite 59 - Figure C 2

Figure C 4 How it works: • The e-ticket sends the information to Control Module via the RF Transceiver. • The information is then placed in the FI

Seite 60 - A Small Speaker just for

Bonvoyage Bonvoyage is a device to ease your journey by keeping the master in your key chain and the slaves inside your individual lugg

Seite 61 - Long-Distance-Card

Look and Feel (Slave) It has no button but has its number written on its body for configuration purpose. Technical conflicts A preliminary investigat

Seite 62 - Figure C 4

Figure C6 Glossary API Application Programming Interface; which is a set of software libraries that can be used to write other applications. Ar

Seite 63 - Bonvoyage

OTFT Organic Thin Film Transistors; are made up of organic semiconducting compounds. RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer. A kind of computer archi

Seite 64 - Political constraints

[19] Ryo Sakurai et al: Color and Flexible Electronic Paper Display using QR-LPD® Technology, SID 06 DIGEST • 1925 [20] Sony:http://products.sel.sony

Seite 65 - Glossary

[56] http://www.lctecdisplays.com/M1-S1%20pictures.asp# 68

Seite 66 - References

(d)Electrochromic Below the aforementioned E-paper technologies are presented in details. 2.4.1 Bichromal Displays The term Bichromal refers to the t

Seite 67

Figure 2.2: Image courtesy of E-Ink [5] 2.4.2.2 Sipix Microcup® Electrophoretic Display SiPix is a California based company that manufactures E-Pap

Seite 68

2.4.3.1 Liquavista: (High Efficiency Optical System, HEOS™) The HEOS trademark based on Electrowetting was developed inside Philips Research Labs aft

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