3.3.3 Screen Technology
The screen technology used in all the products that was investigated is Electrophoretic
technology by E-Ink and the primary reason is that, E-Ink is the first company to develop a
bistable E-paper with good resolution (170 dpi), good response time (ca. 1 sec.) and
acceptable contrast ratio (10:1).
3.3.4 Primary Display
The primary display technology used by most of the products is SVGA 800 x 600. However,
iRex “iLiad” is using XGA 1024 x 768, Polymer Vision “Readius” is using QVGA 320 x 240.
Color E-Reader like “FLEPia A4 and A5” from Frontech Fujitsu is also using XGA with
resolutions 1024 x 768 for both 8- and 4096-colors respectively.
3.3.5 Refresh Rate
The refresh rate of the E-Readers available in the market, range between 0.74 seconds for
black and white screens to 10 seconds for some colored screens. Obviously, the slow refresh
rate is still the greatest setback to the E-Paper technology. However, recent technologies like
Bridgestone has refresh rate of 0.2 ms also Liquavista and Advanced Display Technologies
are capable of streaming videos.
3.3.6 Operative System
The operative system common to all the devices is Linux. Though Linux is a free platform it
has the advantage of being reliable hence it is used in all the E-Readers.
3.3.7 Power
The common power source for all the E-Readers is Li-ion batteries, which ranges from 760
mAh to 1530 mAh. The life spans of these batteries are between 3000 and 10000 pages.
3.3.8 CPU
Most of the products from Asia have RISC CPU of about 200MHz from Epson or Samsung,
however some products are using Intel CPU with an average speed of 400 MHz e.g. iRex,
Frontech-Fujitsu.
3.3.9 Memory
The primary storage source for the products that was found so far is flash memory, with
varying capacity of ROM and RAM. None of these devices use hard drive, primarily because
hard drives are heavy. Although hard drives are becoming lighter everyday new technologies
are evolving for example Solid State Disk (SSD). SSDs may be the way forward for portable
devices that require large storage.
3.3.10 Interface
To get the content into the E-Readers some companies implemented USB 1.1 while others
USB 2.0. Direct Internet access in some of the devices can be made through WiFi interface or
LAN. iRex implements an USB-hub and an USB-node as well as a WiFi interface. Other E-
Readers were not physically accessed, consequently, one does not know if they implemented
an USB hub or the alternative, which is an USB node.
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